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DIRECTORY OF COUNTRIES*

The following table lists some of the ethnic peoples living in the United States, with links to additional information if available.

This list is alphabetized by Country.
See also the list alphabetized by Language.

COUNTRYLANGUAGE(S)
AfghanistanDari (called Farsi in Iran) and Pashto (aka Pushto) are the official languages. There are also about one million speakers of Uzbek, one-half million speakers of Turkmen (aka Turkoman), and about one-half million speakers of Brahui
AlbaniaAlbanian
AlgeriaArabic, Among Berber languages, Kabyle is predominant.
ArgentinaSpanish, Pampa
ArmeniaArmenian
AustriaGerman
AzerbaijanAzeri
BahrainArabic
BangladeshBengali is predominant, Brahui is spoken by a small minority.
BelgiumFlemish and French are the official languages.
BelorussiaBelorussian, Russian
BelizeGarifuna
BhutanJonkha is the official language. Nepali is also spoken.
BoliviaThe official language is Spanish, which is spoken by less than 40 percent of the population. The predominant Indian languages are Quechua, Aymara, and Saramo (aka Itonama; spoken by less than 19 percent of the population).
BosniaSerbo-Croation
BrazilPortuguese
BruneiVisayak
BulgariaBulgarian
Burkina FasoFrench is the official language. Mossi (aka More) is the predominant native language. Gurma, Fulani, Dejula, and Tuareg are also spoken.
Burma
(now known as the Union of Myanmar)
Burmese is the official language. Two predominant languages are Karen and Shan. Hmong is spoken by a small minority.
BurundiRundi and French are the official languages. Swahili (aka Kiswahili) serves as a commercial language.
Cambodia (now known as Kampuchea)Khmer (aka Camboge) is the official language. Hmong and French are also spoken. Cham is the predominant tribal language.
CameroonFrench and English are the official languages. There are over 100 native languages, of which Fulani, Hausa, and Shua Arabic are included. Sari is spoken, not written, by a small minority.
CanadaEnglish and French are the official languages. Algonquin is the language of the Algonquian Indians of North America.
ChileSpanish. Araucanian is the predominant Indian language spoken.
ChadArabic, Shua Arabic
ChinaStandard Chinese (Mandarin) is spoken by 70% of the population. Other dialects include: Wu, Min, Cantonese, and Kejia. Uighur is also spoken.
ColombiaSpanish, Palenque (aka Palenquero)
Costa RicaSpanish
CroatiaSerbo-Croatian
CubaSpanish
CyprusGreek, Turkish
Czech RepublicCzech
DahomeyFrench is the official language. Fon is the predominant native language. Hausa and Yoruba are also spoken.
DenmarkDanish
Dominician RepublicSpanish
EcuadorSpanish. Quechua is the predominant Indian language.
EgyptArabic, Sudanese Arabic (not intelligible to speakers of modern Arabic)
El SalvadorSpanish
EstoniaEstonian
EthiopiaAmharic (aka Ethiopian) is the official language. Other predominant languages include Galla, Sidamo, Somali, Tigrinya, Tigre, and Sudanese Arabic (not intelligible to speakers of modern Arabic).
FinlandFinnish
FranceFrench is the official language, Proven Hial, Breton, Basque, and Catal are spoken regionally.
GambiaEnglish is the official language. Fulani and Malinke are also spoken.
GeorgiaGeorgian, Ossetian
Germany, Federal Republic of (including former German Democratic Republic)German is the official language. Yiddish is spoken in the Jewish communities.
GhanaEnglish is the official language. Other predominant languages include Ewe, Ga, Adangme, Gurma, Dagomba (aka Dagbane), Hausa, and Akan, of which Twi and Fante (aka Fanti) are the major dialects.
GreeceGreek
GuamChamor
GuatemalaSpanish. Fifty percent of the population speak different Mayan languages, of which Quiche is predominant.
GuineaFrench is the official language. Fulani and Malinke are also spoken.
Guinea-BissauPortuguese is the official language, Fulani, Balante, and Malinke are also spoken.
GuyanaEnglish is predominant. Arawak is spoken by a small minority.
HaitiFrench and Haitian Creole are the official languages.
HondurasSpanish, Garifuna
Hong KongEnglish is the official language. Chinese (Cantonese) is spoken by the majority.
HungaryHungarian
IcelandIcelandic
IndiaIndia is the most linguistically varied country in the world, with hundreds of languages spoken. Hindi is the predominant language. Along with English, it is official. Other predmoinant languages are: ,Assamese, Kashmiri, Rajasthani, Bengali, Malayalam, Sanskrit, Bhili, Marathi, Sindhi, Bihari, Nepali, Tamil, Gujarati, Oriya, Telugu, Kanarese, Punjabi, Urdi, Kafiri, Shina, and Khowan are spoken by Dards in India. One of the 15 constitutionally recognized languages.aka Kannada aka Panjabi
IndonesiaBahasa Indonesian is the official language. Other languages include: Balinese, Javanese, Malay, Sundanese.
IranFarsi (called Dari in Afghanistan) is the official language. Azerbaijani, Baluchi, Baharlu (dialect of Azerbaijani spoken by 17.2 percent of the population) are also spoken. Kurdish is spoken by the Kurds. There are 10,000 speakers of Brahui.
IraqArabic is the official language. Kurdish is also spoken by the Kurds.
IrelandEnglish is the official language, as well as Irish Gaelic.
IsraelHebrew and Arabic are the official languages. Yiddish is spoken by 5 percent of the population.
ItalyItalian
JamaicaEnglish is the official language. Western Caribbean Creole English (dialects: Jamaican Creole English, Jamaican Patwa, Bongo Talk, and Quashie Talk).
JapanJapanese
JordanArabic
Kampuchea (aka Cambodia)Khmer (aka Camboge) is the official language. French and Hmong are also spoken. Cham is the predominant tribal language.
KazakhstanKazakh, Russian, and Uighur.
KenyaSwahili (aka Kiswahili) is the official language. Other predominant languages include Kikuyu, Kamba, Kamba, Luo, Galla, and Somali.
Korea, North & SouthKorean
KyrgyzstanRussian, Kirghiz, and Uighur.
KuwaitArabic
LaosLao, Hmong
LatviaLatvian
LebanonArabic
LesothoSotho-Southern (spoken by 85 percent of the population), Zulu (spoken by 15 percent of the population)
LiberiaEnglish is the official language. Kpelle is the most widely spoken native language. Grebo is also spoken.
LibyaArabic
LithuaniaLithuanian
LuxembourgFrench
MacedoniaMadedonian
Malagasy RepublicMalagasy and French are the official languages.
MalaysiaMalay. Tamil is also spoken.
MalawiEnglish is the official language. Afrikaans and Zulu are also spoken.
MaliFrench is the official language. Bambara and Fulani are the most predominant native languages.
MaltaMaltese
MauritaniaFrench is the official language. Fulani is also spoken.
MexicoSpanish. Among the various Indian languages, Nahuatl is predominant.
MoldavaRomanian, Russian
MoroccoArabic. Among Berber languages, Shluh and Tamazight are predonimant.
NepalNepali
NetherlandsDutch
Netherlands AntillesDutch is the official language, but Papiamento is widely spoken in the southern islands of Curacao, Aruba, and Bonaire.
New GuineaAika
NicaraguaSpanish, Garifuna
NigerFrench is the official language. Hausa and Fulani are predominant native languages. Shua Arabic is spoken by a small minority.
NigeriaEnglish is the official language. The most predominant native language is Hausa. Yoruba, Ibo, Kanuri, Yonba, Fulani, and Shua Arabic are also apoken.
NorwayNorwegian
OmanArabic is the official language. South Arabic, a term used to denote various related dialects, is also spoken.
PakistanUrdu is the official language. Kashmiri, Shina, Punjabi (aka Panjabi), Sindhi, Pashto (aka Pushto), Baluchi, and Brahui are also apoken.
PanamaSpanish
ParaguaySpanish and Guaran are the official languages.
People's DemocraticArabic is the official language,
Republic of YemenSouth Arabic, a term used to denote various related dialects, is also spoken.
PeruSpanish. Quechua is the predominant Indian language. Aymara is also spoken.
PhilippinesTagalog and English are the official languages. Among the 82 dialects spoken, Ilocano is predominant. Cebuano is also spoken.
PolandPolish is the official language. Yiddish is spoken by a small minority.
PortugalPortuguese
Puerto RicoSpanish is the official language.
QatarArabic
RomaniaRomanian is the official language. Yiddish is spoken by a small minority.
RussiaRussian. Yiddish is spoken by over 1/2 million people.
RwandaRwanda and French are the official languages. Swahili (aka Kiswahili) is also spoken.
SamoaSamoan
Saudi ArabiaArabic is the official language. South Arabic, a term used to denote various related dialects, is also spoken.
ScotlandEnglish is the official language. Scottish Gaelic is spoken by 2 percent of the population.
SenegalFrench is the official language. Wolof, Fulani, and Malinke are the predominant native language
SerbiaSerbo-Croation
SikkimNepali
SingaporeMalay is the national language. Chinese, an official language, along with Tamil and English, is spoken by about 75 percent of the population.
SlovakiaSlovak
SloveniaSlovenian
SomaliaSomali
South AfricaAfrikaans and English are the official languages. Soth-Northern, Sotho-Southern, and Zulu are spoken in South Affrica.
SpainSpanish is the official language, as well as Catal, Galician, and Basque.
Sri LankaSinhalese is the official language. Tamil is also spoken.
SudanArabic, Sudanese Arabic (spoken by over 11 million people; not intelligible to speakers of modern Arabic)
SwazilandSwazi and English are the official languages. Zulu is spoken by 2.3 percent of the population.
SwedenSwedish
SwitzerlandFrench, German, Italian, and Romansch are the four official languages.
SyriaArabic is the official language. Kurdish is spoken by the Kurds.
TaiwanChinese (Mandarin dialect) is the official language, but native Taiwanese speak the Fukienese (aka Amoy) dialect.
TajikistanTajik
TanzaniaSwahili (aka Kiswahili) and English are the official languages. Over 100 tribal languages are spoken, of which Sukama is predominant.
ThailandThai. Chinese, Malay and Hmong are also spoken.
Tibet Autonomous Region of China Tibetan
TogoFrench is the official language. Ewe is the predominant native language followed by Kabre, Gurma, and Hausa.
TunisiaArabic
TurkeyTurkish. Kurdish is spoken by the Kurds.
TurkmenistanTurkmen
UgandaSwahili (aka Kiswahili)
UkraineUkrainian. Yiddish is spoken by over 1/2 million people.
United Arab EmiratesArabic
United States Native American languages reported by school districts include Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, Algonquin and Navajo. In addition, Native American languages indigenous to and still spoken in New York State are Cayuga, Onondaga, and Tuscarora.
UruguaySpanish
UzbekistanUzbek and Uighur
VenezuelaSpanish
VietnamVietnamese is the official language. Hmong is also spoken.
ZaireFrench is the official language. Predominant native languages are Swahili (aka Kiswahili) and Luba.
ZambiaEnglish is the official language. Bemba is the predominant native language, followed by Tonga and Nyanja (aka Chinyanja).
ZimbabweEnglish is the official language. Afrikaans, Shona, and Ndebele are also spoken.

* The list above is adapted from information developed by:
The University of the State of New York
THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Office of Bilingual Education
Albany, New York 12234
This list was originally developed as a resource guide for school districts that provide services to pupils whose native language is other than English. It is intended to assist districts in identifying the languages spoken by some limited English proficient students in New York State. It is not an all-inclusive inventory of the nations and/or linguistic systems of the world.

Because of the thousands of tribal languages and dialects that are spoken in the world, only those whose speakers number over 250,000 and/or those that were reported by New York State school districts were included in this directory

This list is alphabetized by Country. See also the list alphabetized by Language.


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